11
Aug
2010
energy management
energy is vital for prosperity and growth of infrastructure development in each country. The energy that is needed to ensure its availability on a sustainable basis. Energy demand is growing at a rapid pace and energy will become more and more scarce and expensive by the day. In the energy sector alone, we need to add more than 100,000 MW of additional generation capacity in X. XI and plans that meet the electricity demand by 2012. This requires the mobilization of nearly Rs 8 billion invested by the year 2011-12, a very big challenge before the country. Among the various strategies developed to meet energy demand, efficient use of energy and conservation are by far the least expensive. The steps to create a sustainable energy system begin with the optimal use of resources. Improving energy efficiency is the mantra that to achieve sustainable energy systems leads. In a scenario where India is the peak power and energy shortage of around 80-10%, equivalent to 70% of oil demand through imports will conservation energy efficiency measures and a central role. The Electricity Act 2003 and the Act on the Conservation of Energy in 2001, the government broad legislative initiatives to create an environment conducive to sustainable and efficient energy future for our primary and secondary schools. Government of India has accorded high priority on energy efficiency and energy services Conservations measures and the campaign “conservation of energy in 2004. For the dynamics of energy conservation for the campaign and the energy of your users on their possible role in promoting energy conservation in the country realize, have the Ministry of Energy and Bureau of energy efficiency has decided that the national campaign to save energy, yet, last year. The main objective of this campaign is that energy costs by reducing demand for energy aid and citizens to small changes in behavior, which is jointly make a big difference has decreased. Strategies for targeted commercial building owners will be asked to undertake awareness programs for their employees. The new system put in place for awarding energy savings for commercial and government buildings will be devoted to shopping centers and office and to expand “in the modified EC Award. / p> ; domestic / strong> categories in the informal sector requires a combination of strategies for sustainable energy saving awareness campaign . The Office of Energy Efficiency is the First release inserts regularly rides the “easy” how to save electricity in lighting, air conditioners, refrigerators and other appliances. Office also provides an early voluntary system, with, refrigerators and fluorescent lights. permit this, and to facilitate an informed consumer choice of consumer goods. A large number of industrial units have also taken initiatives and to submit to educate the residents of slums and create space by organizing various programs for energy conservation, posters, quizzes organized in this year’s campaign is pushing on the news that can stimulate the active participation of youth placed changes in recruitment patterns of energy conservation since childhood. objective is / strong> <; make energy saving practices in their involuntary actions of everyday life. The effort is the impact of the campaign by involving school children, to develop new energy propagation of their friends, parents and other relatives. The main activities of this should be made, the continuation of "painting competition on energy saving for the children to school, State / UT and national level. The continuation of this activity will not only children aware of the need to conserve energy, but at the same time educate and time would inevitably lead to the involvement of parents in the top. identified activity is one measure that can help to educate at home. The painting competition is to motivate children to conserve energy and give them the opportunity to have their 'creativity to discover and in turn help to save the nation, Energy < ; / p> <; / p> <; / p> ;
Chapter 2 ENERGY Introduction Energy, the ability to perform work. In layman’s language can be said that our knowledge of energy Cities, forces the machine goes into our vehicles and factories. It heats and cools our homes, cooks our food, plays our music, photo and gives us on television. energy can in a number of forms are: what will happen Chemistry EnergieElektrische EnergieHEAT (heat) energy light energy ENERGYMechanische undKERNENERGIE
energy is everything and can come from two types: divided werdenGespeicherte Energy Moving energy as potential energy is called kinetic energy to work and make all movements of food. If we, our bodies transform food into energy to do the job. If we run or walk or work that we “burn” energy in our body. cars, planes, trams, boats, machinery and energy at work. Work means moving or lifting something, warming or lighting something. <; / P> The discovery of fire directed by the people, the ability to burn wood for cooking and heating energy have been here. For thousands of years the energy demand of the man with the sun not renewable energy, biomass, wind and hydroelectric met. Already
4000-3500 BC, the first sailing ships and windmills were developed using wind energy. With the use of water by factories and irrigation systems, things began to move more quickly. firewood and dung cakes are still an important source of energy in rural India. solar energy for drying and heating are used. With the advent of the industrial revolution, the use of energy in the form of fossil fuels began pushing more and more industries were established. This occurred in several stages, from the exploitation of coal resources on the exploitation of oil and gas. It was only a half-century since nuclear power as a source of energy. In the last century, it became clear that consumption was caused by non-renewable energy sources more environmental damage than any other human activity. use of fossil fuels has led to a high concentration of harmful gases in the atmosphere. This has led to the destruction of the ozone layer and global warming. It was a huge increase in demand for energy from the middle of last century due to industrial development and population growth. World population has increased two times third 1850-1970, per capita consumption of energy for industry are grouped in a dozen times and worldwide use of industrial and traditional forms of energy more than twelve times. Due to problems with the use of fossil fuels, alternative energy sources related important and relevant in today’s world known. These sources like solar and wind, can never be exhausted, and are therefore admissible. Even as conventional sources of energy, they cause less emissions and are available on the site. can dramatically reduce your consumption of chemicals, radioactive and thermal pollution. They are viable sources of clean energy and unlimited. Most renewables are relatively environmentally friendly and also clean. However, biomass is a major polluter indoors. renewable energy are the sun (solar), wind, water (Hydel ENERGY) agricultural residues, firewood and dung (biomass), geothermal energy of hot dry rocks, magma, hot springs, geysers natural derivatives, etc. come OCEAN thermal waves and tidal waves. We learn more about all these energy sources in detail in the following pages. < / p> Chapter 3, such as energy MEASURING
that is called the fundamental building blocks to measure the energy Btu or British thermal unit is. Btu that the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Fahrenheit at sea level defines. It takes about 2000 BTU to make a pot of coffee. Energy can also be measured in joules. A joule is the amount of energy needed to raise £ 1 is about 9 cm. So if we raised a five pound sugar bottom up to one meter (27 inches), we would be about 15 joules of energy. It takes 1000 joules to Btu equality. That would make two million joules in a pot of coffee. Joule is after English physicist James Prescott Joule, 1818-1889 lived. He discovered that heat is a form of energy. In the world, scientists measure energy in joules rather than BTU. It is similar to people in the world with the help of metering system, meters and kilograms. Like the metric system, you can have kilojoules “kilo” means 1000 or 1000 joules = 1 kilojoule = 1 Btu. For example / strong> a piece of toast with butter contains about 315 kilojoules (315 000 joules) of energy. With this energy you: In some ways, the global energy system towards a cleaner developed over the past 25 years. The share of world primary energy produced from natural gas, the cleanest of fossil fuels has increased by over 25%. Thus, the use and production from renewable sources. However, the overall efficiency of energy production is extremely low: on average, over 90% of energy consumed is lost or wasted in the process of reading the conversion of raw materials like coal The final energy service as a book light. The main problem is not that we use energy, but the way we produce and consume energy resources. What we need energy that is always are
Chapter 4 Changing energy p can be converted into another type of energy. But it can not be created and destroyed. Energy is always in one form or another. are For example: ° C energy is stored in the battery energy torchlight if a flashlight is turned on. · Food, energy is saved. It is as if a chemical is stored potential energy. If our body uses to manufacture the energy stored in the work, it is the kinetic energy. If you eat too much energy in the diet is not “burned” but is stored as potential energy in fat cells. If we talk on the phone, our voice into electrical energy being transformed through the passes the son (or transmitted through the air). The phone at the other end of the evolution of the electrical energy into sound energy by the loudspeaker. • A vehicle consumes the stored chemical energy in gasoline to move. The engine converts chemical energy into heat and kinetic energy of the car. • A grid
changes electrical energy into heat and light energy. · A Television changes fossil fuels are so named because they come from fossils that were formed millions of years during the time of the dinosaurs. They are organic fossil remains, which have millions of years in oil, gas has been processed, and coal. Because their education is it taking so long, these sources are also called non-renewable. cut fuel from vegetable and animal. If plants, dinosaurs and other creatures died old, they cut and were buried under layer upon layer of the earth. It took millions of years, these layers form a “hard, rock like substance called coal black, thick liquid called oil or petroleum and natural gas, the three main forms of fossil fuels. / P> Fossil fuels are usually found under the earth. Coal is mined or quarried or excavated, while oil and natural gas is pumped. Coal is widely used and is easier than oil and gas research. ;
fossil fuels for millions of years to do but to burn and disappear in a few seconds. Once they are used, they can not be reused. People have irretrievably damaged the planet by mining and burning of these fuels. is the best thing is not with fossil fuels, waste, because it is not renewable. We must learn to conserve these energy sources. is consumed each year millions of tons of coal for energy. This global warming (greenhouse effect) and caused the depletion of resources. time of the fire world of coal, oil and natural gas releases billions of tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year. combustion of fossil fuels means any pollution of any kind, even if the fuel contains little sulfur, nitrogen, air, with oxygen found at high combustion temperatures in the boiler, jet engines, or car combined. oxides of nitrogen, therefore, that, like sulfur dioxide dissolves in rain to form nitric acid. The two gases are toxic to humans. mining and fossil fuels may cause a disturbance of surrounding ecosystem. Burning fossil fuels emits oxides of sulfur and nitrogen in the energy conservation as a national priority for a very long time, but concrete measures are not taken seriously and some, lack of vision and determination have taken. The growth and demand for energy is growing at a rapid pace, especially in industry, transport sector and households, much pressure therebyputting with available resources. The need of the hour has become the conservation and preservation. conservation and efficient use of energy in industry for a long a priority of the Government of India. people on their part should be aware of the gravity and do their best to maintain and conserve energy. our small contribution to conservation can help a lot. Some of these steps can be: In our home we use energy saving appliances, televisions and radios, which are not used, seen or heard. turn off lights when no insulation in walls and attics Zimmer.Indem, we can limit the amount of energy needed to heat or cool our homes. Insert insulating a house like a sweater or a jacket when we are called, rather than heating. / p> < / p> Chapter 7 What Energy Management Many renewable energy companies see as a head like a resource that is uncontrollable by management, but management of energy is not only possible but also reduces the cost of a business and help the whole society through the monitoring of environmental pollution and resource use of the most optimal way. With the help of several companies including an ENER-G, which is now providing solutions and innovative technologies, energy management easily accessible. AIM of energy is consumed to reduce the amount of energy a building. Good energy management begins with an understanding of how a building’s energy consumption. The next step is to identify inefficiencies and to agree on measures to increase efficiency. These actions and targets associated with regular monitoring to measure their performance. measures taken to improve the effectiveness may vary. Some cost nothing, others are low cost and some require greater investment. Some use technology to focus on other people but good energy management will normally cost savings through a combination of all thestepswhich best for an organization. Improving energy efficiency can bring many benefits: Cheaper EnergiekostenReduzierte KohlenstoffemissionenVerbesserte ArbeitsbedingungenBessere KontrolleSorgt of compliance Aids ISO 14001 accreditation demonstrates corporate social energy costs as fixed and inevitable. However, the energy of a controllable variable cost within the organization. In general, all that is necessary for ensuring the success of a plan for energy management is the commitment of all employees at the highest level to the floor of the office. In most cases, an effective energy policy management is only a small investment and short and medium term real money “saved. Chapter 9 benefits Energy Management bound Incorporating a good savings plan of a company, savings and contribute to the fight against pollution of the environment. Among the advantages of a business plan are: minimize operating costs
estimated the strength of 5% should reduce operating costs can be achieved through good house keeping practices and the implementation of a program of energy management. Additional savings upto7% achievable in the medium term and long term by investing in upgrades to energy efficient technologies. improve process control > to work on the operation of controls in general construction to improve the performance of building systems, including the disposal systems against each other.
10
Aug
2010
Renewable Energy -Its uses around the home
renewable energy is a phrase often used when there are problems with energy supply and climate change. It is often used as a substitute for expensive and polluting fossil fuels that we currently listed. But what is renewable energy, and can they really give us all the power we need in our homes, cars and shops? types of renewable energy sources Renewable energy refers only to energy that is produced in nature, which is unlimited or is renewed. They are used mainly four types of renewable energy in the moment: Solar Energy Solar WelleWindKinetisch
Solar energy is probably the most widely used of renewable energies. The power of the sun is available to mankind since the dawn of civilization and the storage of solar energy technology that the decades. It is a big problem of the solar powe4r, of course: it is only during the day and depends on clouds and weather. In the northern hemisphere, it is doubtful that solar power is still able to offer much of our energy consumption at home, but it can still be used for a wide range of applications. solar powered devices are the only means of saving small digital watches and calculators, you can come and remember childhood. Solar energy can now be used to power a range of devices. can not load Solar Chargers almost any type of device, the battery lasts. MP3 players, mobile phones, PDAs, portable solar chargers , solar chargers, most of these devices to be recharged completely free, and environmentally friendly. Wave Power along the coast there are many products of the wave energy, the conversion of the power of the sea into electricity. Wave energy is incredibly difficult, if and when the UK is an island and has the advantage of a large quantity of the coast, wave power is not available for all people. wind may be useful to produce energy for our homes, but the power of wind to come with its drawbacks. The windmills convert wind energy into electricity, are very large and are unpopular features of the landscape. They are also on the amount of energy that can produce, it is limited – and, of course, if there is no wind there is no production of energy. And while we can still far from the possibility of feeding the nation in wind energy, we must give a little to lighten the burden of some of the CO2 emissions from power plants. There are also some products of wind energy available for private use. Wind powered lights for the garden. Rather than turning wind energy into electricity for lighting, garden lights store wind energy wind created in a battery, so that the light when needed – even if she does not use wind. induction of flame – The kinetic energy, shaking the lamp generates “electricity / p> You can also wind-powered chargers. This hand wind turbine can save you from wind and recharge devices such as mobile phones from him. These have the advantage solar powered chargers devices that can recharge at night, the devices can be charged when you are asleep – ready to seize the day. Kinetic Energy Another form of renewable energy is the kinetic energy. It takes energy waste and the mechanisms used to make electricity. A good example is the new type of hybrid cars. These cars use kinetic energy generated when a car slows down and converts it into electricity that the vehicle can be used as a source of additional power. and all sorts of devices using kinetic energy are available. Many of them use human energy to produce and store energy. Wind-up radios are a good example, like torches, they work shaking.
solar powered chargers or
8
Aug
2010
The Sun and Energy
The source of solar energy
is nuclear fusion, but not magnetic fields from the center of the galaxy. The sun converts energy to mass and not mass and energy.
Summary : The source of solar energy regarded as a core nuclear fusion reactor inside the sun are. The sun is not heated by fusion reaction but by magnetic fields from the galactic center. Nuclear fusion is a by-product of heating of magnetic fields. The changing magnetic fields from the galactic center induce electric currents within the sun, the sun’s heat. The heat and kinetic energy of particles in the core of the sun, relaxing high-energy collisions that create the essential building blocks of matter, electrons, protons and neutrons. The collisions also fuse or nucleosynthesis heavier elements like deuterium, tritium, helium and lithium. This leads the fact that stars and galaxies constantly produce mass and energy. The article is to explain the motions of galaxies behind the production of energy. The mass energy of galaxies and to cancel the Big Bang theory and leads to a steady state cosmological model with a lot of mass created the universe expand and accelerate.
Introduction
The latest development in cosmology, particularly the conclusion that the universe is not only expanding but also accelerating back Einstein’s cosmological constant.
In explanation of the universe is dark energy accelerates assumes that repel the galaxies and the cause of the acceleration of the universe. Dark energy is the development of quantum mechanics, that large amounts of energy can be found in a vacuum. Dark energy and dark matter that explains the rotation of galaxies, the curves is 96% of the universe, while the normal baryonic matter, stars and plants are built only 4%. However, there are no experiments on Earth or conclusive evidence that dark matter or dark energy proves that it is really done. This lack of evidence is also relevant for the Big Bang theory is correct. There is no experience to show the emptiness can explode spontaneously creating high energy and mass.
To explain the origin of such intuitive theories, cosmological observations, it is clear from our misunderstanding of each day, a process that is taken for granted and never questioned. It’s our understanding or rather misunderstanding of the energy from the sun and stars. It is a historical theory that the sun tries to warm to explain basic gravitational energy. According to this theory, originally under the sun of the solar nebula.
If all the atoms were in free fall in the middle of the nebula speed converted into heat. similar theory was proposed in the nineteenth century by Lord Kelvin said that the sun will heat from gravitational energy especially by meteorites falling into the sun.
The current day nuclear doctrine says that the sun is a nuclear fusion reactor and the heat produced from the fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium. Helium is lighter than molten hydrogen, so that the sun turns the excess mass into energy. However, some difficulties in this model. In each galaxy there are always new stars are born. Some blue super giants are 50 times more mass of the sun and they burn hydrogen much faster than the sun. This limits their life expectancy is only about ten million years. If these massive stars are born constantly, and they burn hydrogen more rapidly, the hydrogen burns very quickly, so when all the hydrogen comes. The middle of the interstellar hydrogen contains as much. The interstellar hydrogen in the galaxy of stars, stellar wind coming, and in supernovae.
The source of the universe mass and energy was a mystery and leads to the creation of the Big Bang theory. The Big Bang theory try to explain who created the assertion that the whole question of the universe, including the hydrogen fuel was then the Big Bang.
This paper shows that the true mass and energy of the universe, the galaxy.
Many facts that are presented here show that the source of the sun’s heat is the evolution of magnetic fields and induction. The magnetic fields from the galactic center are coming, they propagate through the galactic disk and heat, all the stars in the disk. The magnetic fields produced by changing electric currents induced in the plasma of the sun. The electric currents of plasma heat of the sunshine and make the Sun. Fusion of hydrogen in the Sun is a by-product of the heat produced by magnetic fields. In the core of the immense heat generated by solar induced currents increase the speed of the particle and kinetic energy. As the particles collide their high kinetic energy of the mass through the creation of new particles according to Einstein’s equation E = MC2 is converted. The sun is not to convert mass into energy, but the conversion of energy into mass.
Many phenomena observed on the sun are magnetic, so it is reasonable to believe that the sun is heated by magnetic induction.
This mass stars can explain the creation, where all the mass of the universe comes from and why the universe is expanding and accelerating. It may also explain how heavy elements in the created universe. It is believed that many heavy elements produced in supernovae, because the fusion of heavy elements consumes energy and does not produce energy as hydrogen. As the energy of the star magnetic fields and not the merger of the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements will be constructed in red giants.
If the stars produce mass and energy, then we can say that galaxies produce mass and energy. The galaxies in the universe is to create machines to mass and energy.
When the sun by magnetic fields from the center of the galaxy, where is the energy of the galaxy are heated? The magnetic fields to create a mass in stars, and if this mass is ejected into space as solar wind, it starts to free fall in the center of the galaxy. The potential energy of dust and gas in free fall is collected by accretion disks of black holes at the galactic center. This potential energy is much higher than the energy used to create the mass. Accretion discs to the dynamo effect of creating magnetic fields in the galactic center, which produce more mass for the stars, and so on.
If a galaxy becomes more and heavier all the time at a certain point, it should give rise to a new galaxy. The continued addition of mass increases the mass of the galaxy spiral arms of the galaxy, and increase the length of the arm and its distance from the galactic center. The stellar wind of the stars on his arm to begin collecting thrown away locally on the arm until the arm is so heavy, the latter was detached from the main galaxy and became a satellite galaxy. Many images of colliding galaxies or interacting galaxies actually taken if a rogue galaxy other. The spawning of new galaxies, the expansion and acceleration of the head universe.
< rotation curve / strong>
to obey the speed of stars in the galactic disk around the galactic center Kepler law third. The speed should be proportional to the stars should the inverse square of the radius, as shown in Figure 6 – (B),. However, the observation of galaxies yields a different curve, the rotation is almost flat 6 – (A). The usual explanation for the plane curve is the existence of dark matter that has no lighting and can be considered operational. The dark matter is the filing of the galactic disk beyond the stars to an increase in the severity of the galaxy.
It is possible to explain the rotation curve of fixed magnetic fields in the galaxy core.
I will start by presenting a famous experiment. The magnetic levitation over a superconductor Figure 1 or Meissner effect causes a magnet in the air when they float placed above a superconductor. The magnetic field of the magnet induced EMF and current in the superconductor according to Faraday’s law. Even if the establishment of these flows to Lenz’s law magnetic fields in the superconductor that oppose the magnet magnetic field and hence the push to float and to resist gravity.
If I have a rope and the superconductor I can drag the superconductor disk table in Figure 2 When the magnetic float on the superconductor and drag the superconducting magnet will not fall to the table but will follow the superconductor and stay floating on top, where we always take them. It is also the result of Lenz’s law. The currents induced electric and magnetic fields of the superconductor is against any relative movement of the magnet above the superconductor.
The hot plasma in the Sun and stars is very low electrical resistance.
The plasma resistance is much lower than that of a metal and is very close to that of a superconductor. But resistance is not zero, and the electric current in the plasma generates heat. The Sun’s interior is not complete and there are sections homogonous plasma with different electrical conductivity.
In addition to the property of a superconductor the sun has the property of a magnet. The sun has some similarities with the magnetic field Earth’s magnetic. The sun has a magnetic dipole field, and it is similar to that of a bar magnet.
A unique feature of superconductors is that magnetic fields are very close to zero. But the plasma stars above zero conductivity and magnetic fields by plasma is capable of generating heat. Not only focus star high magnetic permeability of the magnetic field of the space to absorb more energy.
Figure 1: Magnetic levitation of a superconducting magnet. The conductivity of the plasma that is built to be the stars of the very high and close to that of a super driver. The stars could be a couple and has a superconducting magnet. This leaflet explains how each other in the galactic disk and the motion of the star, induced electrical currents in the stars that the plasma is converted into heat for the stars shine. This also explains the repulsion between stars and galaxies.
Figure 2: If you take a superconductor and a magnet, it will float on the magnet above the superconductor. Suppose that when the magnet floats you connect a string in the superconductor and drag the superconductor on the table. The magnet will hover above the superconductor and the superconductor will follow. This indicates that the stars stand up to a shift in the galactic disk and that resistance creates induction currents in the stars and warms.
superconductors and magnetic model of
Knowing that the star of plasma low resistance exists and has a magnetic field of a magnetic dipole, propose a model of the sun and stars. The star under this model has the combined properties of a superconductor and a magnet Figure 3 stars behave so well for the superconducting magnet and the Meissner effect. A star is against the movement of stars in the neighborhood. If, for example, a first step towards a star second star on the spot the first star to induce magnetic currents in the second star. According to Lenz’s law magnetic fields in the currents of the second star opposing magnetic fields and the movement of the first star will produce. The resistance movement occur if a star is moving relative to another.
Figure 3: A star can be represented as a combination of a superconductor and a magnet. The superconductor is the result of the high conductivity of the plasma and the magnet is the result of the magnetic field of the star. The magnetic field of stars is a combination of magnetic fields of the Galaxy magnetized star and internal magnetic fields generated by currents induced in the sun. The combination of superconductors and magnets repel each other out and eliminate the conflicts between them. Because galaxies are many stars they have also as a combination of a superconducting magnet and can be mapped.
The defense and resistance to motion may explain why there are no collisions between main sequence stars like the sun. Although there are a hundred billion stars in the galaxy of the main sequence stars never collide. Other stars such as colliding neutron stars and white dwarfs, because they can not be composed of plasma and not the property of superconductors. The neutron star could not imagine how a magnet. Therefore, neutron star will join the main sequence stars like the sun. However, when two neutron stars are close together, they can not repel each other, because it does not include superconductors. Not only its gravity brings them together, but to align their magnetic fields and add traction. The north pole of a neutron star and draw closer to the south pole of the neutron star second. Observations of sudden are known in the universe, neutron stars massive collisions occur. Also white dwarfs tend to collide. Whit dwarfs lacking both plasma and magnetic fields. Some of supernova explosions are related to white dwarfs. Since neutron stars and white dwarfs can easily approach a star, many binary stars (eg Sirius) are white dwarfs or neutron stars. One way to see it divide the stars into two categories. It is as white dwarfs and is affected only by gravitational fields and general relativity. The second is made by magnetic and gravitational fields.
Galaxies like the stars in them could be represented as a combination of magnet and superconductor. Seeing the galaxy as a superconducting magnet and the combination can easily explain the repulsion between the galaxies, the expansion and acceleration of the universe. The model can also imply that collisions between galaxies are rare. The rarity of collisions between main sequence stars is a clear indication of the rarity of collision between galaxies. Most of the observed interacting galaxies is in fact a creation of a galaxy to another or to other worlds, spawning a smaller satellite galaxy of a larger galaxy.
In the experiment of Figure 2 has been shown that not only push the superconducting magnet, but also resist any movement of the magnet relative to the superconductor. As shown in Figure 3, the stars could be represented as a combination of superconducting magnets. They lead to a model of the galactic disk, shown in Figure 4, the rings or layers of superconducting material and contains magnets. The superconductor in such a model, any movement of the magnet relative to their stand. When the magnets are connected with superconducting induction step will go into the superconductor, which is opposed to Lenz’s law magnetic fields and magnetic fields to create the faces of the magnets. This implies a rigid model of the galactic disk, where every move will be opposed by the stars. Draw a rotation curve of the galactic disk on the model in Figure 4, we will have a straight line as shown in Figure 5, where all the stars have the same angular velocity. However, the observed rotation curve as shown in Figure 6 implies that the angular velocity of stars near the galactic center is smaller then stars near the galactic center. This means that the movement of the magnet over the superconductor and eddy currents are created. Since the star is the plasma not create a perfect superconductor the currents of heat.
Figure 4: A star could be seen as a pair of superconductors and magnets. When a star moves to a second star to Lenz’s law the second star is the first star and repel against the motion. The magnetic fields to bring the forces of the first stars and Electro-Motive currents that produce according to Faraday’s law, the second star, and current magnetic fields that repel the first star. This means that resistance to the motion for stars in the galactic disk. This leads to a rigid model of the galactic disk shown in this figure and a rotation curve of Figure 5. The actual flat rotation curves of galaxies means that the stars move relative to each other. This creates induction currents and the heat that fuel the stars.
Figure 5 shows: After superconductors and the magnetic model of stars in Figure 4. The stars resist slipping into the galactic disk. Therefore, if the relationship between the stars of the galactic center and the speed to a straight line, as shown in this graph. The deviation of the observed rotation curve of galaxies of this linear relationship shows that the significant shift of events. The fact sheet indicates that large quantities of heat produced in stars.
Figure 6: Rotation curve of a galaxy. must obey the speed of stars in the galactic disk Kepler law and have a speed that is inverse to the square of the distance to the galactic center. Current measurements found that the rotation curve is almost flat. As shown in Figure 7 shows the rotating magnetic fields than the speed of disk galaxy could be explained by the increase. It could also be done by the superconductor with the magnetic model of the star, the slip resistance combined explain the galactic disk.
The fact that it leads to slip and motion in the galactic disk 7 to a second model of the galaxy image According to this model the galactic disk of several concentric rings composed of rotating on the same axis with a gap between the rings. Each ring contains an inner layer is made of iron and an outer layer of magnets. The galactic center is the model is also magnets. The rotation of the center of the galaxy turns the magnets in the center of the galaxy, creating rotating magnetic fields. This rotating magnetic fields induce current through the cavity in the iron layer of the first ring. The currents induced by Lenz’s law magnetic fields is that of opposing magnetic fields of the galactic center and the power going to create a rotation of the first ring. The first layer is ring magnets induce currents in the layer of iron second ring and turn the ring second and so on. In this way, all the rings rotate in the same direction, but with angular velocity. The inner ring will have the greatest angular velocity and the lower speed outside. The speed difference or slip that the magnetic fields of magnets to create layers of iron-cross and heat.
Figure 7: The galactic disk could be seen as rings and layers of iron magnets. The Galactic Center in the model of the rotating magnet includes creating rotating magnetic fields. These magnetic fields rotate the iron layer of the second crown of Lenz’s law. The exterior of the second ring magnets rotate the third ring and so on. If the report of a distance ring of the annular velocity of the center should be similar to the curve in Figure 5, each ring of the angular velocity must be the same, are the inner ring. When a ring is not with the same angular velocity, but its angular velocity slower than the inner ring (as in a galaxy rotation curve) a schedule is created and the magnets in the heat of the inner iron ring Outdoor. In an exercise bike magnetic iron wheel rotates near magnets to break the rotation. After training, you can feel the heat of the iron wheel.
could be explained by the models shown in Figure 4, 7, the observed flat rotation curve and its deviation from the expected rotation curve of the galaxy. The forces of the rotating magnetic fields in the galactic center and galactic plane exert on the stars increase their angular velocity.
In Figure 10, there is an alternative model of magnetic fields from the galactic center. In Figure 7 the galactic center is like a cylinder, the bands are north and south magnetic poles shown parallel to the axis of the cylinder. This placement will be to observe the galactic center in the galactic disk rotation heat induction and the angular velocity of the star, plus the rotation curve flat. But, as in Figure 10, the galactic center could serve more magnetic dipoles are presented. This could occur if there is more of a black hole at the galactic center, or is it a combination of black holes and neutron stars. The accretion disks of black holes and neutron stars create magnetic dipoles to align in opposite directions to each other, as shown in Figure 10.
This agreement is the induction heating and increasing the speed of the galactic disk is possible.
Figure 10: The magnetic fields from the galactic center has been created, can be understood from this model. The Galactic Center contains several magnetic dipoles by a black hole accretion disks formed neutron star. The magnetic dipole rotating with the galactic center, and send the evolution of magnetic fields in the galactic disk, the stars and to increase their heat and speed.
Induction is not that energy transfer from the center of the galaxy through the galactic disk magnetic field needed in the galactic disk. Induction can be done by the so-called “induced electric fields. For demonstration purposes, we can use a long coil and put it inside a ring of copper greater than its diameter is three times that the magnet. If we now change in the solenoid current, it will create the evolution of magnetic flux. The flow is induced in the ring current. But the ring is not in a magnetic field is why we do can not say that the current in the ring is the influence of magnetic field on charged particles inside the ring. It is with the words “induced electric field is explained in the ring caused by the varying magnetic flux in the coil.
The induced electric field can affirm with a modification of Faraday’s law.
Where is the magnetic flux through the coil, E is the electric field induced in the ring and L is the circumference of the ring. Similarly, we can say that even if the galactic disk in a magnetic field induction is not possible. Changing magnetic flux perpendicular to the galactic center galactic disk can induce currents in the stars by induced electric fields.
similarity with an electric induction
The model of Figure 7 corresponds to the operation of an electric induction motor. The center of the galaxy in Figure 7 resembles the stator of such an electric induction motor and the galactic disk is similar to the rotor. The stator of an induction motor produces a rotating magnetic field. The rotating magnetic field through the rotor and induce currents in the rotor. The currents create magnetic fields that pull the stator magnetic fields and rotation of the rotor. The currents in the rotor currents are similar, the heat of stars in the galactic disk. Figure 8 shows a diagram of the rotor currents as a function of rotor speed. The speed of the rotor in the image on the x-axis is the percentage difference of the speed of the rotor and the stator magnetic angular angular velocity. The graph shows that when the rotor speed is identical to the speed of stator no induced currents in the rotor. This situation is analogous to a similar rotation of the galaxy flow curve in Figure 5, with such rotation curve should not common to the interiors of stars.
If reducing the speed of the rotor of Figure 8 and increase the slippage between the stator and the rotor is induced magnetic field lines cross the rotor more and more power. This is analogous to the observed rotation curve in Figure 6, where a shift in the galactic disk, as in the model in Figure 7. The currents in the rotor produces a torque that can pass through the rotor shaft mechanical work. This couple may explain the difference between the rotation curves of galaxies from the rotation curve expected. The galactic center is that the torque on the galactic disk to increase the speed of stars. If you block an induction motor like a fan motor and remove the fan, the engine warms up very quickly, because the rotor currents are very high. This can demonstrate the heat produced in stars in the galactic disk slip. In summary, the shift to the galactic disk stars cross magnetic fields of stars, is that the torque increases the speed of the star and heat.
Figure 8: Rotor as a function of rotor speed of an electric induction motor. As the rotor gradually increase the rotating magnetic field of the stator cross the rotor speed and rotor currents. The galactic center is similar to that of the stator and the galactic disk is similar to the rotor. The average flat rotation curve of the galaxy in Figure 6 which slide into the galactic disk leading to the induction occur in stars.
There are two components of the magnetic field variable in the galactic disk. The first is the rotating magnetic field of the galactic center. The second is the slip in the galactic disk. The magnetic fields from the galactic center are providing power to seize the galactic disk and the torque increases the speed of the galactic disk. The galactic disk slip torque transmission and energy from the galactic center to the outer sections of the galactic disk. Energy production and evolution of magnetic fields is the center of the galaxy, where black hole accretion disk converts mass and energy.
The sheet supports the rigid behavior of the galactic disk stars in Figure 4 and affects the speed at which the inner regions and outer galactic disk.
The torque on the stars in the galactic disk in the center of the galaxy is located near the front of the galactic center and back of the outbreak. Why the slippage could get back into the model in Figure 7 are represented by the couple who has an outer ring back on the inner ring. The torque on the stars in the outer sections of the galactic disk is in front of the dock.
to create Figure 9: The evolution of magnetic fields from the galactic center magnetic vortex in the galactic disk. Each of these vortices in a magnetic circuit comprising Start million. In the face of a magnetic circuit is represented by a magnetic flux in the nearby stars. Variable magnetic fields to create the sun solar cycle and change the solar magnetic polarity from one solar cycle to another. These changes in the heat of the star’s magnetic fields.
5
Aug
2010
Oscillation of the second quarter, high probability of copper – heat pumps, solar energy, copper – heat pump industry
After entering in April that the global economic recovery continued to the extent of political concerns and markets from international price of crude oil extended break $ 85 a barrel, the LME copper showed his sword $ 8,000 per tonne. the world’s largest manufacturers prices back to top 2008.
Following the recent report of OECD Composite Leading Indicators OECD in January the world’s top five months showed a continued expansion of economic development level of optimism is more intense than in the previous month, continued strong economic growth. Whatever the G7 countries, or as a representative of emerging markets, gold stone “of the four countries, leading indicators show the long-term trend in the level above. All countries show that output industry had touched bottom and worth looking forward to a strong economic recovery.
U.S. Labor Department data showed U.S. non-farm employment increased by 2 March 16th million people to three years, the strongest growth and encourage the growth of the market’s optimism in the workforce. manufacture of Mars and services PMI also showed the development of economic recovery and further established. On April 15, announced in March of the manufacturing capacity utilization in the United States was 70th 0% more than in February 0th increased 6% in March, industrial output to 0 1% 7 0%, slightly lower than expected, the pace of economic recovery is still slow. April 16th U.S. Commerce Department said housing starts March was 626,000 years (estimated at 610,000), and sat before the trend the increase in building permits in March rate of 685,000 (630,000), the estimated growth of more than 7. 5%.
4 14 President of the Fed Ben Bernanke before Congress confirmed the testimony of the U.S. economy is still recovering at a moderate growth, but the economy is facing a weak construction spending, high unemployment, but the data also show that Inflation remains contained, was fed “a long period of extraordinarily low interest rates, hence maintaining the balance of U.S. dollar on the other hand, the political objectives of the Fed continues to pursue economic recovery L support of two whole composition of copper.
4 15, the National Bureau of Statistics publishes the first quarter, GDP increased by 11 9% higher than planned on 11 5%, CPI up 2 2% over the same period, while the CPI rose 2% on March 4, 2 6% less than expected, dropped 7% 0th channel. The same day, the data show that in PBC March, new RMB loans 510th 7,000,000,000 yuan, well below market expectations gradually from 750 billion yuan, the macro-control policy of China to show power intensity of tightening short-term liquidity may be further expanded.
Proceeds from the traditional season of copper consumption in China expected performance
According to General Administration of Customs on April 12 announced preliminary data, copper imports, which in March of copper and copper alloys Chinese imports 456,240 tons compared to last month, 322,282 tons, up 41. 57%, the import of 360,000 tons of copper last month high 280,000 tons, an increase of 28. 57%, well above market expectations.
Domestic consumption of refined copper in this respect, production of household appliances and a significant jump in the first quarter, more than 20% of televisions, washing machines and refrigerators in the year by over 40% more than last year, which has major product development of electrical output growth has also changed significantly.
colored according to a recent survey of the network in Shanghai, copper foil inside at a rate of 64 to start. 8% of total activity, the chain increased 10% in early February, recovered in the copper industry is a strong demand, command, years of base load factor of 97 is connected. 3%, a fine state of full production. The current board rate of the industry has gradually increased for the second half of last year’s average starting level research firm, said 4? Copper can production season will start to increase due to vote in May to continue. Inventories of copper sheet business of raw materials accounted for 8% on the 42nd level of copper has increased, the chain of 10 3% in February, inventories of raw materials have increased, especially since currently the majority of orders received in good company, part of the relatively abundant capital companies to increase their stock orders.
Greece, the origin of the debt crisis, but Goldman Sachs’ Global Financial risk factors are still soaring
4 11 finance ministers of the euro area a mechanism € 30,000,000,000 Greek aid approved, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the first year is also expected to offer at least € 10,000,000,000 of Greek aid. € € 30000000000 mechanism Greek aid approved for the economic recovery in the euro area was finally a glimmer of hope, but on April 16 came from Goldman Sachs fraud seriously undermine confidence in the market.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has recently been calculated to sell in the design and Goldman Sachs and subprime mortgage collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) produces fraud. The SEC said Goldman Sachs was not important information about CDO, these securities whose value is known to depend on the performance subprime mortgage-backed securities, Goldman still has a large hedge fund portfolio selection method known for the role, and this makes hedge fund short CDOs. Day of Goldman Sachs fell 13% to 160 70 U.S. dollars, the largest drop in one day, Drag & P 500 fell first 61% reduction in risk appetite of market participants, investors, Dollar has coverage, LME copper fell the pressure of over 2%. However, if this event is limited to the impact on the international market for copper in the short term, sat down copper prices likely recession.
The estimated market high copper prices have more limited possibilities of further gains, however, a sustained improvement in global economic fundamentals and the traditional peak season demand Consumer real support copper prices remain strong vibration. The instability of global financial system is short-term disturbances, the kinetic energy of the most important copper limit, but really the most important factor in the removal of copper is still down from U.S. policy Loose monetary tightening than expected. Current three months LME copper price fluctuations of major 7600-8100 dollars / ton.
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20
Jul
2010
Mobile Phones – Kinetic Energy: the Future of Charging?
You know what ATI?? It’s like when you make that all important call when purchasing or when your car breaks down, and suddenly youâ? re the battery on your cell phone is needed as flat as a pancake.
There are many methods available for javascript to collect the
But now, it could be a new method of charging in the work that exploits the energy source available as freely on the planet, a kinetic?? or the power of people.
There are already several devices that can be recharged using kinetic energy? such as clocks and radios to handle. But charging a cell phone while walking?
It sounds like a crazy concept, but ATI?? His notion that is the subject of scientific research has been in energy efficient prostheses for many years.
Now, scientists at a university in the U.S. media that may be necessary to power small electronic devices, such as Mobile .
The design around a knee brace orthopedic device is based on currently weighs about 3 5 pounds, with the generator side of the knee itself is located.
The generator works by collecting the kinetic energy of motion of the knee in the same way as a hybrid electric car, the energy generated by braking and sends it to the machine, where the energy is converted and stored.
It is expected that such a device could one day power “to help a onclick =” javascript: pageTracker. _trackPageview (‘/ Outgoing / article_exit_link’); “href =” http://www. Money Supermarket. Com / mobile /. aspx default “> Mobile and a variety of other electronic devices â?? Sitting on NAVs of laptops and even pacemakers.